Dear Rabbi Fried,
The question was raised in our religious school why we celebrate Simchat Torah and the end of Sukkot and not on the holiday of Shavuot? If Shavuot is the time traditionally accepted to be the day of the giving of the Torah, wouldn’t it make more sense to dance with Torah scrolls on Shavuot — rather than Sukkot, (which is unrelated to receiving the Torah)?  Nobody had a good answer and we were hoping you could help us.
Zachary D. & Leah L.
Dear Zachary and Leah,
To answer your question we have to get to the core of the celebration of Sukkot.
Moses, after receiving the tablets on Shavuot, smashed them upon observing the Jews worshipping the Golden Calf. Forty days later, on the First of the month of Elul, he ascended Mount Sinai for an additional 40 days and nights, to repent together with the Jews down below, requesting the Torah be returned to them.
After 40 days and nights, God answered “I have granted you atonement you as you requested,” and instructed Moses to carve out a second set of tablets like the first ones which were given by God. That special day, the day God accepted our repentance, was the first Yom Kippur.
This reveals to us a little-known fact: although the first set of tablets and giving of the Torah was indeed on Shavuot, the Torah we now have is the “second edition” of tablets given on Yom Kippur. Yom Kippur doesn’t conclude with only being a day of atonement; the bottom line is that it’s a day of receiving the Torah!
Sukkot is a week of remembrance of the booths our ancestors sat in while in the desert. The Talmud explains that it is, more importantly, a reminder of the Clouds of Glory — the miraculous clouds which protected the Jews from heat by day and lit up their way at night.
Those clouds, which accompanied the Jews from Pesach when they left Egypt, disappeared when they sinned with the Golden Calf and caused the Shechinah, or Divine Presence of God, to be concealed. After Yom Kippur the Jews were commanded to build the Mishkan, a portable temple, to be a place for the Shechinah to return to. After four days of preparation, they began building the Mishkan on the fifth day, and the Clouds of Glory returned. This was an incredible day of rejoicing for the Jews as God was clearly revealing that their teshuva, their repentance on Yom Kippur, was fully accepted.
Sukkot, which begins on that fifth day after Yom Kippur, is a remembrance not of the Clouds of Glory which appeared when they left Egypt, rather a commemoration of the Clouds that came back after atoning and receiving the Torah on Yom Kippur.
We now see how Sukkot and Yom Kippur are deeply interconnected; Sukkot is a celebration of the Yom Kippur’s accomplishments. The only thing separating the two is the few days necessary to prepare the “four species” and build a sukkah. At that point we continue the closeness we achieved on Yom Kippur, replacing the tears of repentance with tears of joy and rejoicing the acceptance of our repentance actualized by re-receiving the Torah.
The Talmud relates that in the Temple in Jerusalem on Sukkot, during the wildly joyous celebration called Simchat Beit Hasho’eyva, the songs sung were songs celebrating the Jews’ teshuva performed and accepted on Yom Kippur. It was that teshuva which merited us again to receive the Torah. That joy is our “Joy for the Torah” or Simchat Torah.
There’s no better time to dance with the Torah than on Simchat Torah at the end of Sukkot! Best wishes for a joyous holiday to you and all the readers!