By Ron Kampeas

(JTA) — It has been a question insiders have posed since last week’s announcement: Could Ben & Jerry’s decision to stop selling its ice cream in the West Bank trigger many or all of the laws that U.S. states have passed in recent years to hurt the Israel boycott movement?

Well, five states are already looking into it.

Officials in Florida, Texas, New York, New Jersey and Illinois are reviewing whether the move will require divestment from Ben & Jerry’s parent company Unilever under their various state laws.

There are 34 states in total that require their governments to stop doing business with companies that boycott Israel — and 21 of those explicitly include West Bank settlement boycotts in their definitions.

Of those states, 12 are required to remove companies that engage in boycotts from state employee retirement investment funds — an action that experts say is far more damaging than simply ending contracts with a company for its goods and services.

Here’s a look at the five states that have launched actions so far:

Texas

Glenn Hegar, the state comptroller, told CNBC that he has launched an inquiry to determine if Unilever meets the standard to be delisted from companies with which the state does business.

“I’ve directed my staff to determine whether any specific action has been taken by Ben & Jerry’s or Unilever would trigger a listing under Chapter 808 of the Texas Government Code,” he said.

Texas law also includes West Bank settlements in its Israel boycott definition, and also applies its law to the restriction of state retirement funds.

The Jewish Federation of Greater Dallas and its Jewish Community Relations Council (JCRC) sent a letter to both Hegar and Gov. Greg Abbott thanking them for their immediate and strong response to the Ben & Jerry’s corporate boycott. 

“Besides the fact that such a decision harms all residents of the impacted geographic areas by reducing economic development opportunities in closing down manufacturing and distribution centers, and denying the freedom of choice to consumers, this action supports the Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions (BDS) movement, which does not recognize Israel’s right to exist and fails to hold Palestinian leaders accountable for promoting hatred, incitement and terrorism,” states the letter signed by William  Finkelstein, Federation board chair. JCRC Chair Cindy Moskowitz noted, “Texas has the strongest Anti-BDS law in the U.S. The JCRC and AJC, along with other Jewish local organizations and community members, were instrumental in supporting its passage through the Texas legislature in 2017.”

Charles Pulman, a Dallas-based attorney and Israel advocate, took the initiative to encourage Jewish organizations and community members to write to Hegar copying Abbott  and Lt. Gov. Dan Patrick after the Ben & Jerry’s announcement last week urging them to make Ben & Jerry’s and possibly Unilever “a listed company” under Texas anti-BDS law.

If it is found that Beb & Jerry’s and/or Unilever violate the Texas Anti-BDS law, that means no state entity can purchase or hold their stock (investment and pension portfolios). Texas pension funds reportedly amount to at least $100 million and include Unilever stock.

Florida

Gov. Ron DeSantis, a Republican, last Thursday wrote to the State Board of Administration, which manages the state’s retirement and other funds, asking that it place Ben & Jerry’s and Unilever on the “Continued Examination Companies that Boycott Israel List.”

“Continued Examination,” under Florida law, means that at least one piece of evidence has come to light that a company is taking an action that would according to Florida law cut it off from state business. Should it determine that the company is indeed in conflict with Florida requirements, it would go on the Scrutinized Companies List, which would mandate that Florida divest its funds from the company.

Florida law explicitly extends to companies that boycott, divest or sanction West Bank settlements, and it extends its purview to the state retirement funds.

New York

Liz Gordon, the executive director of Corporate Governance for the New York State Common Retirement Fund, on Friday wrote to Unilever saying that State Comptroller Thomas DiNapoli is “troubled and concerned about reports suggesting that Ben & Jerry’s, a Unilever wholly-owned subsidiary, is involved in BDS activities.” BDS refers to the boycott, divestment, and sanctions movement targeting Israel.

“This letter serves as notice that the Fund intends to include Unilever on our list of companies participating in BDS activity if these reports are correct,” the letter says.

New York has yet to pass any BDS-related laws, although some are under consideration. However, in 2016, Gov. Andrew Cuomo issued an executive order still in effect that bans doing state business with companies observing BDS, and extended it to investment funds. The executive order does not explicitly address whether settlement boycotts are included.

Illinois

Illinois law requires that state employee retirement funds divest from companies that promote BDS, including those who restrict their actions to Israel’s settlements.

Daniel Goldwin, the executive director of public affairs at Chicago’s Jewish United Fund/Jewish Federation of Metropolitan Chicago, told the Jewish Telegraphic Agency that the process of review by the independent Illinois Investment Policy Board was underway. The board wrote to Unilever, giving them 90 days to “explain why their reported actions are not a violation of Illinois law.”

“At the next quarterly meeting, the board will review the company’s response and/or invite them to testify and answer questions. Then, if it’s determined that state pension divestment is warranted, the actual divestment will occur in a ‘timely way that does not lead to a material loss of value,’” Goldwin said.

New Jersey

New Jersey law also requires state employee retirement funds divest from companies observing BDS, also including companies who only boycott Israel’s settlements.

Jewish Insider on Friday quoted an official in the State Treasurer’s office as saying that “the Division of Investment is aware of the situation and is working to determine whether any actions must be taken to ensure continued compliance with the State’s anti-BDS law.”

Gov. Phil Murphy, a Democrat, was “disappointed” in the decision, a spokeswoman said.

“The governor believes we must continue working toward the shared goal of peace and mutual respect,” the spokeswoman told USA Today.